Bernards
Township is where the following events occurred
- The
Rev. George Whitefield, English evangelist, preached to 3,000 people under
the white oak tree of the Presbyterian Church, during the Great Awakening
of 1740.
- Lord Stirling (William
Alexander) built his palatial estate,
Stirling
Manor,
here. Local people called it "The Buildings", because of its size, the
road called Building Lane (now Lord Stirling Road).
- Washington
and Lafayette picnicked and colonial troops rested under the old oak tree
in Basking Ridge Presbyterian Churchyard.
- Young men attended a small private
academy called "The Brick Academy" in Basking Ridge, then entered the College
of New Jersey and became prominent in State and National history.
- Uniforms were sewn for the Northern soldiers during
the Civil War and four years after the war, the Chief Surgeon of the Union
Army built a home two blocks away. Also, axles for the mess wagons onto
the battlefields were made in a hub and spoke factory here.
- Liberty Corner
was a popular summer resort, with vacationers staying at local homesteads
and dairy farms. A carriage would meet guests at the Lyons depot.
- Governor
Woodrow Wilson made a speech on the village green in Basking Ridge prior
to World War II.
- Colonel John
Jacob Astor IV donated
stones to build the Methodist Church, 14 years before he perished in the
sinking of the Titanic in 1912.(He
was the richest man in the United States when he died- worth over $2
million)
- Samuel Owen of Newark, a pharmaceutical magnate, built
his English Tudor mansion (called Cedar Hill)
in 1912, now Township
Hall. (He also built Stronghold, which is now
Gill St. Bernards School).
- The Lenni-Lenape Indians, a branch
of the Delawares (part of the Algonquin Nation) were the first known
inhabitants of the Bernards Township area. Scattered throughout are
traces of these people: arrowheads, tomahawks, hearthstones, hammerheads
and camp rubble, which indicate long occupation. One of the most widely
used Indian areas was near Madisonville Road--a major campsite was
the present Verizon location on North Maple Avenue. A burial ground
is known to have existed on the east side of Childs Road on the hillside
across from the Indian Graves Brook.

The
area was purchased by John Harrison, agent of King James III of England,
from Chief Nowenoik of the Lenapes in 1717, a real estate package of
3,000 acres for $50. The remainder of the Township's land was bought
later that year by William Penn. Early settlers were Scotch, Irish
and English. Harrison's Purchase or Harrison's Neck was the property's
designation. In 1733 the name Basking Ridge first appeared in ecclesiastic
records of the Presbyterian Church and is recorded as being derived
from the fact that "the wild animals of the adjacent
lowlands were accustomed to bask in the warm sun of this beautiful ridge."
Baskeridge and Baskenridge were commonly used.
By 1740 a list of settlers included names as Alward, Annin, Conkling, Cross,
Dayton, and Lewis. At the time of the American Revolution, as many as 100
men from Bernards answered the call to arms. Revolutionary troops came
from Bound Brook through Annin's Corner and Basking Ridge en route to Morristown.
During this time, a liberty pole was placed on the village green, with
Annin's Corner renamed Liberty Corner. Basking Ridge was thought to be
a secure place from the British Army as it was only seven miles away from
the center of Washington's army at Jockey Hollow. General Charles Lee,
second in command, was captured by British forces at the Widow White's
Tavern in December, 1776. (This is at the corner of Colonial Drive and
South Finley Avenue.) A local street, Old Army Road, was so named because
it was the path trod through the country from Jockey Hollow to the Vealtown Tavern in
Bernardsville (now the Bernardsville Library) by
American troops. (Bernardsville
was called Vealtown and was part of Bernards Township until 1840)
In 1750 a classical school, designed to prepare young men for college,
was established in Basking Ridge by Dr. Samuel Kennedy, fourth pastor of
the Presbyterian Church, and later run by his successor, Dr. Robert Finley.
The school, known as the Basking Ridge Classical School for almost
50 years, was conducted in the ministers' homes. Through contributions
and partly at Dr. Finley's expense, the Brick Academy was built in 1809.
Pupils came from many other states, as well as New Jersey; residents provided
lodgings. The Academy was know as having contributed more men "to the bench, the bar and the pulpit".
Students entered their junior year at the College of New Jersey (Princeton
University). Among the Academy students were Samuel Southard,
governor of New Jersey, U.S. Senate president and acting vice-president
under President Tyler; William Lewis Dayton, vice-presidential candidate
with John C. Fremont in 1856, and President Lincoln's Minister to France
during the Civil War; Robert Field Stockton, hero of the Mexican War; Theodore
Frelinghuysen, U.S. Senator, vice-presidential candidate with Henry Clay
in 1844 and president of Rutgers College.
There are twelve Houses of Worship of nine denominations. The Township
has two historic districts: Franklin Corners and Liberty Corner. There
are eight listings on the State and National Registers: The Brick Academy,
Basking Ridge Presbyterian Church, Van Dorn Mill, Coffee House Corners
(Turner Homestead), Chimney Ash Farm (Alward Homestead), Lord Stirling
Estate out-buildings, and the two historic districts.
Two transportation-related events changed Bernards Township. In 1872 the
railroad completed, opening the area to those who wished to live in the
country and work in the metropolitan environment. Almost 100 years later,
construction of Route 287 and later Route 78, two Interstate Highways,
made commuting much easier for those seeking to live in residential climate.
Liberty Corner, settled since 1722, still maintains its gentle rural atmosphere.
However, large housing developments are under construction in that village.
In the later part of the 19th Century it was famous for its summer resorts.
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